University Development Could Bring Terrorists To Justice Quickly

An Australian university has made a highly significant scientific development which promises to assist police to more efficiently apprehend terrorists responsible for bomb blasts using homemade explosives.

In a world first, the University of Tasmania has developed a portable explosives "fingerprint" device which can process and analyse the complex chemical residues from homemade bombs in minutes.

The briefcase size instrument, which works on a high voltage from a battery, allows scientists to separate and identify the individual chemicals left in complex residues after a bomb blast. These residues forma "fingerprint" which is used to identify the explosive used.

The instrument was developed by a team of 10 scientists in the extensive laboratories of the Australian Centre for Research On Separation Science (ACROSS). The device will add an important new dimension to forensic investigations and counter-terrorism measures.

Research leader Greg Dicinoski says the "ACROSS Portable Explosive Fingerprinter" device could give counter-terrorism authorities three distinct advantages:

• It is portable and can be taken onto most bomb sites
• Samples can be analysed on-site from miniscule levels of chemical residues
• Investigators will have the results in minutes and can start pursuing leads immediately

"This is a very exciting breakthrough for forensic science, and thepossibilities are enormous," Dicinoski says. "After a terrorist bombing, it can often take investigators considerable time using laboratory tests to find exactly the kind ofchemicals used to create the bomb. With the new portable technology it will be possible to identify the exact homemade explosive used within minutes, thus allowing investigators to trace large purchases of the particular chemicals involved."

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Carnegie Mellon Professors Question Advice for Nuclear Attacks

In the current Fox television adventure series, 24, a terrorist explodes a small nuclear bomb in Los Angeles. In the May issue of the journal Health Physics, Carnegie Mellon researchers Keith Florig and Baruch Fischhoff offer simple, practical advice that ordinary citizens can use when faced by such threats.

Specifically, the two scientists address the following questions: whether it is worth citizens' time to stock supplies needed for a home shelter, how urgently should one seek shelter following a nearby nuclear detonation, and how long should survivors remain in a shelter after the radioactive dust settles.

Carnegie Mellon's Florig, a senior research engineer and Fischhoff, a university professor, report that many families simply can't afford the government stocking guidelines; they need help to protect themselves.

"A number of emergency-management organizations recommend that people stock their homes with a couple dozen categories of emergency supplies," says Florig of Carnegie Mellon's engineering and public policy department. "We calculated that it would cost about $240 per year for a typical family to maintain such a stock, including the value of storage space and the time needed to tend to it."

Their research also suggests that many families who could afford to follow the stocking guidelines might think twice about whether the investment was really worth it, given the low probability that stocked supplies would actually be used in a nuclear emergency.

"Government websites such as Ready.gov recommend that people take shelter or evacuate following a nuclear blast, but provide no information that might help people determine how much time they have to react before a fallout cloud arrives," says Florig. We advocate a more nuanced message with simple rules for minimizing risk based on how far people are from the blast. If you are within several miles of the blast, there will be no time to flee and you will have only minutes to seek shelter. If you are 10 miles from the blast, you will have 15 to 60 minutes to find shelter, but not enough time to reliably flee the area before the fallout arrives."

Finally, the researchers analyze how long people should remain sheltered in a contaminated area before it is riskier to stay than to evacuate.

"The answer depends on how good their shelters are and how long it would take to evacuate. Those who have poor shelters, limited stores and no access to a vehicle will need the most help to escape," according to the researchers.

Understanding these simple rules can help people to plan for themselves and help officials to plan for them.

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